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The Lebombo bone is a baboon fibula with incised markings discovered in the Lebombo Mountains located between South Africa and Swaziland.〔Peter B. Beaumont (1973) Border Cave – A Progress Report. ''S. Afr. J. Science'' 69: 41-46〕 Changes in the section of the notches indicate the use of different cutting edges, which the bone's discoverer, Peter Beaumont, views as evidence for their having been made, like other markings found all over the world, during participation in rituals. The bone is between 44,200 and 43,000 years old, according to two dozen radiocarbon datings.〔Francesco d’Errico et al. (2012) Early evidence of San material culture represented by organic artifacts from Border Cave, South Africa. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' 109(33): 13214-13219. It is called a notched bone, illustrated in Fig. 1, ''12'' 〕 This is far older than the Ishango bone with which it is sometimes confused. Other notched bones are 80,000 years old but it is unclear if the notches are merely decorative or if they bear a functional meaning.〔Ralf Vogelsang et al. (2010) New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter, Namibia: stratigraphy, archaeology, chronology and past environments. ''Journal of African Archaeology'' 8(2): 185–218 〕 According to ''The Universal Book of Mathematics'' the Lebombo bone's 29 notches suggest "it may have been used as a lunar phase counter, in which case African women may have been the first mathematicians, because keeping track of menstrual cycles requires a lunar calendar." But the bone is clearly broken at one end, so the 29 notches can only be a minimum number. Furthermore, in the many more notched bones since found there is no consistent notch tally, many being in the 1 - 10 range.〔Peter B. Beaumont and Robert G. Bednarik (2013) Tracing the emergence of palaeoart in sub-Saharan Africa ''Rock Art Research: The Journal of the Australian Rock Art Research Association (AURA)'' 30(1): 33-54 〕 ==See also== *History of mathematics *Tally sticks 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lebombo bone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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